Read the paper Dr. Wallace and I co-authored

For many, the mass shooting at Columbine marked a dark era in which school shootings would become far too familiar. Since that fateful day in 1999, there have been more than 245 school shootings injuring more than 310 people and killing at least 146. The question we are forced to grapple with is not whether intervention is necessary but whether the current direction in spending is the most effective to confront the problem while ensuring the best possible outcomes for students

School security has become a $3 billion annual industry, with a great deal of funding focused on policing. A growing number of security and education professionals believe offering wraparound services to students and their families can effectively curb student violence and increase student persistence (Blanchard, 2021).